1. Inkomoko y'ibikoresho n'uburyo birambye:
●Plasitike: Ikozwe mu bikomoka kuri peteroli (peteroli/gaze). Umusaruro ukoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi ugira uruhare runini mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
●Impapuro zisanzwe: Akenshi zikorwa mu giti cyanduye, bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba. Ndetse n'impapuro zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zikenera gutunganywa cyane n'imiti.
●Ibindi Bikomoka ku Bimera (urugero: PLA, Ingano, Umuceri, Bamboo): PLA isanzwe ikorwa mu bigori cyangwa ibijumba, ikenera ibihingwa byabugenewe. Ingano, umuceri, cyangwa ibyatsi by'imigano nabyo bikoresha umusaruro w'ibanze w'ubuhinzi cyangwa gusarura byihariye.
●Umutobe w'ibisheke: Ukozwe mu bisigazwa by'ibishishwa (bagasse) bisigaye nyuma yo gukuramo umutobe mu bisheke. Ni imyanda ikoreshwa mu gutunganya, nta kindi gisaba ubutaka, amazi, cyangwa umutungo wagenewe gusa gukora ibyatsi. Ibi bituma ikoresha umutungo neza kandi ikaba uruziga koko.
2. Iherezo ry'ubuzima n'uburyo bwo kubora:
●Plastiki: Iguma mu bidukikije imyaka amagana kugeza ku bihumbi, igahinduka mikoroplastike. Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibyatsi mu byo gusya kiri hasi cyane.
●Impapuro zisanzwe: Zirabora kandi zishobora gufumbira mu buryo bw'imitekerereze. Ariko, nyinshi muri zo zisizweho pulasitiki (PFA/PFOA) cyangwa ishashi kugira ngo hirindwe koroherwa, bikabuza kubora no gusiga uduce duto twa pulasitiki cyangwa ibisigazwa bya shimi. Ndetse n'impapuro zidapfundikiye zibora buhoro buhoro mu myanda idafite ogisijeni.
●Ibindi Bishingiye ku Bimera (PLA): Bisaba ibikoresho byo gufumbira mu nganda (ubushyuhe bwinshi n'udukoko) kugira ngo bivunike neza. PLA ikora nk'ipulasitiki mu ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu rugo cyangwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi kandi yanduza imigezi ya pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoresha. Ingano/Umuceri/Igishishwa birabora ariko igipimo cyo kubora kiratandukanye.
●Ifumbire y'ibisheke: Ishobora kubora kandi ifumbire mvaruganda haba mu nganda no mu ngo. Irangirika vuba cyane kurusha impapuro kandi nta bisigazwa byangiza isiga. Yemejwe ko ifumbire mvaruganda ibora kandi ishobora kwangirika.imiyoboro y'ifumbire y'imborera nta plastiki/PFA irimo.
3. Kuramba n'uburambe bw'umukoresha:
●Plasitike: Iramba cyane, ntitose.
●Inyandiko isanzwe: Ishobora gutose ikagwa, cyane cyane mu binyobwa bikonje cyangwa bishyushye, mu minota 10-30. Ikanwa kaba katose.
●Ibindi Bikomoka ku Bimera: PLA isa n'iplasitike ariko ishobora koroha gato mu binyobwa bishyushye. Ingano/Umuceri bishobora kugira uburyohe/imiterere yihariye kandi bishobora no koroha. Imigano iraramba ariko ikunze kongera gukoreshwa, bisaba koza.
●Ifu y'ibisheke: Iramba cyane kurusha impapuro. Ubusanzwe imara amasaha 2-4+ mu binyobwa idatose cyangwa ngo itakaze imiterere yayo. Itanga ubunararibonye bungana cyane na pulasitiki kurusha impapuro.
4. Ingaruka ku musaruro:
●Plasitike: Ingufu nyinshi za karuboni, umwanda uturuka mu gucukura no gutunganya.
●Impapuro zisanzwe: Ikoreshwa ry'amazi menshi, ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire (dioxins zishobora kubaho), ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi. Impuguke mu gutema amashyamba.
●Ibindi Bishingiye ku Bimera: Umusaruro wa PLA uragoye kandi ukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ingano/Umuceri/Igishishwa bisaba ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi (amazi, ubutaka, imiti yica udukoko ishobora gukoreshwa).
●Umushongi w'ibisheke: Ukoresha imyanda, ukagabanya umutwaro wo kujugunya imyanda. Muri rusange gutunganya imyanda bigira ingufu nke kandi bikoresha imiti myinshi ugereranije n'impapuro zisanzwe. Akenshi ukoresha ingufu za biomass ziva mu gutwika umushongi ku ruganda, bigatuma udakoresha karuboni.
5. Ibindi byo kwitabwaho:
●Plasitike: Yangiza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ikagira uruhare mu ihungabana rya plastiki yo mu nyanja.
●Inyandiko Isanzwe: Imiti ikoreshwa mu gusiga (PFA/PFOA) ni uburozi bukomeza ku bidukikije kandi bushobora gutera ibibazo ku buzima.
●Ibindi Bishingiye ku Bimera: Urujijo rwa PLA rutera kwanduzwa. Ibyatsi by'ingano bishobora kuba birimo gluten. Imigano ikeneye gusukurwa niba ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
●Ifu y'ibisheke: Nta gluten isanzwe idafite. Nta biryo bihari iyo ikozwe ku buryo busanzwe. Nta binyabutabire bikenewe kugira ngo ikore neza.
Imbonerahamwe y'igereranya ry'incamake:
| Ikiranga | Ibyatsi bya pulasitiki | Udupapuro dusanzwe tw'umukara | Igishishwa cya PLA | Ibindi bikomoka ku bimera (Ingano/Umuceri) | Ibishishwa by'ibisheke/ibyatsi by'ibisheke |
| Isoko | Ibikomoka kuri peteroli | Ibiti bya Virgin / Impapuro zasubiwemo | Ibigori/Isukari | (Ibiti by'ingano/Umuceri | Imyanda y'ibisheke (Bagasse) |
| Biodeg. (urugo) | ❌Oya (imyaka 100+) | Buhoro buhoro/Bukunze gupfukwa | ❌Oya (imyitwarire nk'iya pulasitiki) | ✅Yego (Umuvuduko uhindagurika) | ✅Yego (Kwihuta cyane) |
| Biodeg. (Ind.) | ❌No | Yego (niba idapfutse) | ✅Yego | ✅Yego | ✅Yego |
| Ubunebwe | ❌No | ❌Ubushyuhe bwinshi (iminota 10-30) | Gitoya | Iringaniye | ✅Hasi cyane (amasaha 2-4+) |
| Kuramba | ✅Hejuru | ❌Hasi | ✅Hejuru | Iringaniye | ✅Hejuru |
| Koroshya kongera gukoresha ibikoresho. | Hasi (Bidakunze gukorwa | Igoye/Yanduye | ❌Yanduza umugezi | ❌Ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa | ❌Ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa |
| Ikimenyetso cy'ikirenge cya katoni | ❌Hejuru | Hagati-Hejuru | Hagati | Hagati-Hasi | ✅Hasi (Ikoresha Imyanda/Ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa) |
| Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka | ❌(Gukuramo amavuta) | ❌(Gukuramo amavuta) | (Ibihingwa byeguriwe Imana) | (Ibihingwa byeguriwe Imana) | ✅Nta na kimwe (Ibicuruzwa byangiritse) |
| Akamaro k'ingenzi | Kuramba/Igiciro | Biodeg. (Inyandiko) | Bimeze nka pulasitiki | Ibora | Kuramba + Kuzenguruka Nyako + Ikirenge Gito |
Imitsi y'ibisheke itanga uburinganire bushimishije:
1, Imiterere y’ibidukikije ihebuje: Yakozwe mu myanda myinshi ikomoka ku buhinzi, igabanya ikoreshwa ry’umutungo kamere n’umutwaro w’imyanda.
2, Imikorere myiza cyane: Iramba cyane kandi irwanya ubushuhe kurusha impapuro z'impapuro, bitanga ubunararibonye bwiza ku mukoresha.
3, Ubushyuhe nyakuri: Bushobora kwangirika mu buryo busanzwe ahantu hakwiye hatabayeho gusiga microplastics cyangwa ibisigazwa bya shimi byangiza (reba neza ko byemewe ko bishobora kwangirika).
4, Ingaruka nke muri rusange: Ikoresha umusaruro ukomoka ku wundi, akenshi ikoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu musaruro.
Nubwo nta buryo bwo gukoresha rimwe gusa butunganye, ibishekeimitsima ya basaji bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye iterwa na pulasitiki no kunoza imikorere yayo ugereranyije n'impapuro zisanzwe, hakoreshejwe imyanda kugira ngo haboneke igisubizo gifatika kandi kitangiza ingaruka.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2025
