Ese gupakira pulasitiki bishobora gusimburwa?

—PLAVSPET: UMUYOBOZI MURI PLASTIKI YA BIYO

ISIGANWA RY'IBIPUNGA

Buri mwaka, isoko mpuzamahanga rikoresha amafaranga arengamiliyari 640ibice byagupfunyikamo pulasitikiku bikoresho byo ku meza—ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe gusa bifata imyaka 450 kugira ngo bibora mu buryo busanzwe. Nubwo twishimira uburyo bworoshye buturuka mu gutwara ibiryo, ibiryo byihuse, n'amafunguro yo mu ndege, umwanda wa pulasitiki wabaye ikibazo cy'inshingano za rubanda ku nganda zishinzwe guteka.

IGICE CYA 1

Ikibazo cy'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byo ku meza n'izamuka ry'uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije

TGuteka no koroshya ibiryo byihuse byahoze bishingiye kuri pulasitiki gakondo, ariko ibintu byarahindutse. Amategeko nka Directive ya EU yerekeye ikoreshwa rimwe rya pulasitiki (ibuza burundu ibikoresho byo ku meza bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe) na politiki y'Ubushinwa ya "Dual Carbon" arimo gutuma inganda zihinduka. Amakuru ya Mintel yo mu 2024 agaragaza ko62%y'abaguzi bahitamo cyane ibirango bakoresheje ipaki ya pulasitiki ifumbire—gushyira ibikoresho by’ibidukikije mu mwanya wabyo ukagera ku bintu bisanzwe.

Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni iki: Ese dushobora gusimbuza ikiguzi n'imikorere bya pulasitiki?Uyu munsi, turareba mu buryo bwimbitse abarushanwa babiri bakunzwe cyane -PLA(aside polylactic) naPET(polyethylene tereftalat), kugira ngo harebwe uwo ari we "musaruro nyawo".

IGICE CYA 2

Ubwiganze bwa Plastiki burimo gucika:Impamvu "Idasimburwa" Ishaje

PIbikoresho byo ku meza bya lastic byamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bikoreshwa kubera ingirakamaro: byoroheje (bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kohereza), bihendutse (bikwiranye n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bito), kandi bihoraho mu buryo bw'imiti (bikoreshwa ku biribwa bishyushye/bikonje).PET (polyethylene tereftalate) IbicuruzwaByaragaragaye cyane—umucyo wayo no kudahura n’ingaruka byatumye iba amahitamo meza ku maduka acuruza icyayi cy’amata, amasosiyete acuruza ibiryo byihuse, ndetse n’amasosiyete y’indege.

Ariko kubahiriza ibidukikije birimo kuvugurura amategeko. Itegeko ryonyine rya EU ryateje icyuho cya miliyari 23 z'amadolari mugupfunyikamo pulasitikiisoko, bituma hakenewe ubundi buryo. Mu 2024, ku isi hose ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bidukikije byagurishijwe birenga miliyari 80 z'amadolari, aho Aziya ya Pasifika yiyongereyeho 27% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize—inshuro eshanu zihuse kurusha plastiki isanzwe. Ibyibandwaho bya kera “byoroshye, bihendutse, biramba” ubu bihabanye n'ibyo “birambye, byujuje ibisabwa, kandi bihuje n'ikirango”. Ingufu za plastiki zigenda zigabanuka vuba.

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PLA vs PET:Abahanga mu guhatana cyane ku isoko ry'ibikoresho byo ku meza bishobora gukoreshwa

Wiyo bigeze ahogupakira pulasitiki yasubiwemo, ipaki ya pulasitiki ifumbire, nagupfunyika bya bio-plastic, PLA(aside polylactic) naPETni amahitamo yizewe cyane ya B2B. Imwe itsindira abaguzi bibanda ku bidukikije kandi ishobora kwangirika; indi ikomeza abakiriya batekereza ku giciro cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho. Iki kibazo kirimo kuvugurura amasoko mpuzamahanga.

Ibikoresho byo ku meza bya PLA

—"Eco-Star" ishingiye ku bimera ikoreshwa mu gufumbira ifumbire

PLA,ipaki ya pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ifumbire, ikozwe mu bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk'ibijumba by'ibigori n'ibisheke. Ikimenyetso cyayo cy'ingenzi - kubora burundu mu mezi 6-12 mu gihe cyo gukora ifumbire y'imborera mu nganda - bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 52% ugereranije na pulasitiki isanzwe. Ibi bituma ikundwa n'ibigo bikora politiki zikomeye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ariko, PLA ifite kandi inenge: yoroshye kuyihindura iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, ntikwiriye ibiryo birengeje 100°C, bityo ikaba ikwiriye cyane ku bikombe by'ibinyobwa bikonje, amasanduku ya salade, cyangwa ibikoresho byo ku meza byo guteka mu buryo buhanitse.

Ibikoresho byo ku meza by'amatungo

—“Inkuru yo Kugaruka” kwa Plasitike Ishaje

PET, uhagarariye pulasitiki gakondo, yahinduye ibidukikije binyuze mu "gusubiramo no kongera gukoresha". Bitandukanye na pulasitiki idapfa kwangirika, ibikoresho byo ku meza bya PET bishobora kongera gukoreshwa inshuro 5-7 binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvugurura imiterere y'umubiri, bigabanyije neza ikoreshwa ry'umutungo. Mu masoko y'i Burayi na Amerika afite sisitemu zigezweho zo kongera gukoresha PET, igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha PET cyageze ku65%.

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'ibikoresho byo ku meza bya PET kari mu kuringaniza igiciro n'imikorere: bihendutse kurusha PLA. Bishobora kubika isupu ishyushye kandi bigakomeza kugwa, bigatuma bikundwa cyane n'ibikoresho byo kugaburira no kugaburira abantu vuba, kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi birwanya kugwa birakwiriye cyane mu bihe byo kugaburira abantu. Ku baguzi bibanda ku kugenzura ikiguzi kandi bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho,Ibikoresho byo ku meza by'amatungoiracyari amahitamo meza kandi ahendutse.

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Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza:Ni nde uyobora isoko ry'ibikoresho byo ku meza bishobora gukoreshwa?

Skuba umuntu ahora ahagaze neza ntabwo ari ikintu gikunze kubaho.gupfunyikamo pulasitikiIsoko ririmo guhinduka kuva ku mahitamo abiri kugera ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, aho abaguzi babibona mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi:

Icyerekezo cya 1:

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi (Ntibisimbuza) PLA/PET

InyumaPET/PLA, ibitoki n'imigozi y'ibishishwa birimo kwiyongera mu biti. Isosiyete yo mu Buhinde yitwa Bakeys igurisha ibikoresho byo ku meza bya sorghum (birabora mu minsi 4-5) ku $0.10 ku gipimo kimwe na pulasitiki. Ibi bikora ku biribwa by'umwimerere cyangwa ku kwita ku babyeyi ariko ntibishobora gukwirakwira mu buryo bwa PLA/PET bwo gutumiza ibintu byinshi.

Icyerekezo cya 2:

Ikoranabuhanga ryazamuye imbogamizi za PLA/PET mu bihe bya none

Udushya dukemura ibibazo by'ingenzi: PLA yavuguruwe ubu irarwanyaUbushyuhe bwa 120℃, bifungura ikoreshwa ry'ibiribwa bishyushye. Gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu matungo asanzwe bihindura "amacupa ashaje mo ibikombe bishya," bigaca ibimenyetso bya karuboni mu40%Ibiteganyijwe mu nganda: PLA na PET bizagumaho60%ku isoko ry’ibikoresho byo ku meza bikomoka ku bidukikije mu myaka 3-5, ibikoresho bishya biziba icyuho.

Icyerekezo cya 3:

Ibikoresho by’ibidukikije byongera agaciro k’ikirango

Ikoreshwa ry'ibirango bya mbereifumbire mvarugandanagupakira pulasitiki yasubiwemokugira ngo ubone inyungu.Ikawa ya Luckinkugabanya ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki naToni 10.000 ku mwakahamwe n’imitako ya PLA, kuzamura amanota yayo ya ESG no gukurura ishoramari ry’ibigo. Ku nganda, ibikoresho birambye ntibihuza gusa n’amategeko—bifatanya n’abakiriya b’inzobere mu gutanga serivisi nziza.

IGICE CYA 5

UdushyaInyigisho ku bijyanye no gutanga amasoko:Hitamo PLA cyangwa PET?

TGuhitamo PLA vs PET biterwa n'ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: kubahiriza amategeko, ikiguzi, n'ikoreshwa rya nyuma.

Amabwiriza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru - jya kuri PLA (Plasitiki zishobora kubora)

Niba abakiriya bawe bari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa muri Amerika, cyangwa uri mu biryo bigezweho cyangwa ibiryo by’ababyeyi n’abana bato, ntutindiganye – PLA ni ngombwa. Imiterere yayo “ibora” ishobora gutoranywa mu buryo butaziguye n’igenzura ry’ibidukikije rya gasutamo. Plastike ibora ihagarariwe na PLA ikozwe mu bikoresho karemano by’ibimera kandi ishobora kwangirika burundu mu gihe cy’ibidukikije karemano cyangwa mu nganda. Ku masoko afite politiki zikomeye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije nka EU n’Ubushinwa, ndetse n’ibintu bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bidukikije nko kugaburira ababyeyi n’abana bato,Ibikoresho byo ku meza bya PLAni amahitamo adashobora kwirindwa.

Gupakira bishobora kongera gukoreshwa: Amahitamo afatika ku bintu bikoresha ikiguzi

Ibikoresho byo ku meza bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bya PETikora uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha umutungo binyuze mu buryo bwiza bwo kongera gukoresha. Igiciro cyayo ni hafi30%munsi y’iya PLA, kandi imikorere yayo irahamye, ikwiriye ahantu hakenerwa ibintu byinshi kandi bihendutse nko ku bicuruzwa bitwara n’ibicuruzwa byihuse. Mu gihe cyo kugura, hagomba kwitabwaho ibicuruzwa bifite "ibyapa bishobora kongera gukoreshwa", kandi hagashyirwaho ubufatanye n’ibigo byo mu gace bikoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo habeho umurongo mugari w’ "itangwa ry’amasoko - ikoreshwa - kongera gukoreshwa".

Gupakira byoroheje: Urufunguzo rwo kunoza ibiciro mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Ubwinshi bworoheje ni icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere ry'ibikoresho byo ku meza birinda ibidukikije. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura ibikoresho, uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo ku meza bya PET na PLA bwagabanutseho20%, ibyo ntibigabanya gusa ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu mpuzamahanga. Dufashe urugero rw'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, buri gasanduku k'ibikoresho byo ku meza byoroheje gashobora kuzigama12%ku giciro cy'ubwikorezi. Ku baguzi b'ubucuruzi, iyi nyungu ishobora kongera inyungu ku bicuruzwa.

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Plasitike irahinduka—ntiyishira

LReka tuvuge ku mimerere nyayo:ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byo ku mezaNtabwo izashira burundu mu gihe gito, kuko inyungu zayo ku giciro n'imikorere biracyahari. Ariko igihe cyo "kudasimburwa" cyararangiye, kandi amahitamo ya pulasitiki arimo kugabanya isoko mo "inzira y'ibidukikije" na "inzira yo gukuraho" - abayobozi bahisemo inzira ikwiye baba baratangiye kwinjiza amafaranga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ahazaza haGupfunyika mu buryo bw'ibidukikijeNtabwo ari ukureba uwo asimbuye uwo, ahubwo ni ukureba neza "uburyo bwo gukoresha mu bihe runaka".Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ukurikije ubucuruzi bwawe, kandi uhindure "kurengera ibidukikije" inyungu ku kirango cyawe - iyi ni yo pfundo ryo guhagarara ushikamye mu nzira y'icyatsi kibisi!

-Iherezo-