Impamvu yo gupakira amapaki mu buryo burambye

Ese ahazaza h'inganda zitanga ibiribwa ni he?

Kuramba si ijambo rivugwa gusa—ni ikintu umuntu wese ukora mu nganda z'ibiribwa agomba kwitabwaho buri munsi.

WJya muri cafe, unyure muri porogaramu yo gutanga amafunguro, cyangwa uganire n'umukozi ushinzwe guteka, maze uzumva impungenge nk'izo: uburyo bwo kugabanya imyanda ya pulasitiki utitaye ku bushobozi bwo kuyikoresha. Iyi mpinduka si iyo kumva umeze neza ku isi gusa; ahubwo ni iyo kuzuza ibyo abakiriya bitezeho cyane aho ibiryo byabo (n'ibipfunyika byabyo) bituruka. Injiragupakira ibiryo mu buryo burambye—igisubizo kirimo guhindura bucece uburyo tubona amafunguro yacu, kiringaniza ubukomere, ibidukikije, n'imikoreshereze yayo mu buzima busanzwe.

At MVI ECOPACK, tumaze imyaka myinshi tunonosora ibi bikoresho kuko twizera ko ibicuruzwa birambye bidakwiye kumva ko ari ubwumvikane.

IGICE CYA 1

Impamvu gutanga ibiribwa ari ugutakaza pulasitiki kugira ngo haboneke ubundi buryo burambye

MGutanga serivisi zo kohereza ibintu ku gihe byahindutse ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa none—byaba ari umubyeyi uhugiye mu gufata ifunguro rya nimugoroba nyuma y'akazi, umunyeshuri utumiza ifunguro rya saa sita hagati y'amasomo, cyangwa itsinda rigiye gufata ibyo kurya mu ijoro ryo kureba filime. Ariko ubu buryo bworoshye bufite ikiguzi kinini cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije.Umuryango wa Ellen MacArthuriteganya ko itegeko rimwe ryo gutanga ibiryo rishobora gutuma habaho kugeza kuriibiro 5imyanda ya pulasitiki, kuva mu gikoresho kirimo ibiryo kugeza ku dupaki duto tw'isosi. Inyinshi muri izi pulasitiki zirangira mu byobo byo kwangiza imyanda, aho bishobora gufata imyaka 500 cyangwa irenga kugira ngo zisenyuke, cyangwa mu nyanja, bikangiza ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Ni ikibazo kigoye kwirengagiza—kandi abaguzi batangiye gusaba ibintu byiza kurushaho.

RImashini zikoresha egulators nazo zirimo kwivanga. Amabwiriza ya EU yerekeye ikoreshwa rimwe rya Plastics yamaze guhagarika ibintu nk'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki n'amacupa ya foam, hamwe n'ibihano bikomeye ku bigo bitabyubahiriza. Muri Amerika, imijyi nka Seattle yashyizeho amafaranga ku pulasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe, mu gihe Kanada yiyemeje guhagarika ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki nyinshi zidakoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa bitarenze 2030. Ariko imbaraga nyazo zituruka ku bantu ba buri munsi. Ubushakashatsi bwa Nielsen bwo mu 2024 bwagaragaje ko 78% by'abaguzi b'i Burayi na 72% by'Abanyamerika bazishyura amafaranga y'inyongera ku biribwa bitangwa mu mapaki arambye - kandi 60% bavuze ko bazahagarika gutumiza ku kirango cyishingikiriza cyane kuri pulasitiki. Ku ba nyiri cafe, abayobozi ba resitora, na serivisi zo gutanga ibicuruzwa, iyi si imyitwarire gusa; ni uburyo bwo gutuma abakiriya babo bakomeza kwishima no kugira ngo ubucuruzi bwabo bugire akamaro.

IGICE CYA 2

Bagasse ni iki? "Imyanda" irimo guhinduka intwari irambye

INiba wigeze kunywa ikirahure cy'umutobe w'ibisheke, wahuye na basagase - nubwo waba utazi izina ryabyo. Ni ifu y'ibishishwa byumye kandi byuzuye byasigaye nyuma y'uko ibishishwa bikandagirwa kugira ngo bikuremo amazi meza. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, inganda z'isukari ntacyo zari zimaze; zabitwikaga kugira ngo zikore ingufu zihendutse (zateraga umwanda w'ikirere) cyangwa zibijugunye mu myanda. Ariko mu myaka 10 ishize, abahanga mu guhanga udushya babonye ko iyi "myanda" ifite ubushobozi butangaje. Muri iki gihe, basagase ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibintu bitandukanyegupakira ibiryo mu buryo burambyekandi ibimenyetso byayo by’ibidukikije biragoye kubitsinda.

Ubwa mbere, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa 100%. Ibisheke bikura vuba—ubwoko bwinshi bukura mu mezi 12 kugeza kuri 18—kandi ni igihingwa kidakenera imiti yica udukoko cyangwa ifumbire nkeya. Kubera ko ibisheke ari umusaruro ukomoka kuri ibyo, ntabwo dukoresha ubutaka, amazi cyangwa umutungo w’inyongera kugira ngo tubikore; dukoresha gusa ikintu cyashoboraga gupfa ubusa. Icya kabiri, birabora burundu. Bitandukanye na pulasitiki, imara ibinyejana byinshi mu bidukikije, cyangwa ifuro, ritajya ribora by’ukuri, ibisheke bibora mu minsi 90 kugeza 180 mu nganda z’ifumbire y’ubucuruzi. Ndetse no mu mirundo y’ifumbire yo mu rugo, birabora vuba, bigasiga ubutaka bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri zigaburira ibimera. Ni uruziga rwiza: ubutaka bumwe buhinga ibisheke butunganirwa n’ibipaki byakozwe mu ruhu rwabyo.

IGICE CYA 3

Uburyo 4 bwo gupakira ibiryo mu mapaki y'ibiryo bukemura ibibazo bikomeye by'umutwe mu gutanga ibiryo

BGukoresha ibiryo bitangiza ibidukikije ni byiza cyane—ariko ku bijyanye no gupakira ibiryo, bigomba gukora mu buzima busanzwe. Ntawe wifuza ikintu gitemba isupu mu modoka yose, cyangwa isahani igwa munsi y'agace ka pizza. Ikintu cyiza ku bijyanye n'ibiryo bito ni uko bitaguhatira guhitamo hagati yo gukomeza no gukoresha neza. Ni ibintu bikomeye, bifite uburyo bwinshi, kandi byagenewe uburyo abantu bakoresha mu gutanga ibiryo.

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1. Irakomeye bihagije no mu gutanga ibintu bikomeye cyane

Gutanga ibiryo ni akajagari. Amapaki ashyirwa mu bikapu by'amagare, agashyirwa mu modoka, hanyuma agashyirwa munsi y'ibintu biremereye. Imiterere ya Bagasse ifite utwuma duto ituma ikomera bitangaje—ikomeye kurusha impapuro, ndetse ikanagereranywa na pulasitiki zimwe na zimwe. Ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe kuva kuri -20°C (ikwiriye cyane ku biryo bikonje) kugeza kuri 120°C (ikwiriye ku biryo bishyushye cyangwa sandwiches zokejwe) idashonga cyangwa ngo ishonge. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho by'impapuro, ntabwo ihinduka nk'amazi iyo ikoze ku isosi cyangwa ku mazi. Twumvise abafite cafe bahinduye bakajya kuri baggasse maze babona ibirego ku "kugemura ibintu mu buryo butari bwiza" bigabanukaho 30%—kandi ibyo si byiza ku bidukikije gusa; ni byiza ku byishimo by'abakiriya. Tekereza isahani y'isupu ya noodles igeze ishyushye, yuzuye, kandi nta kintu na kimwe ivamo—ni byo baggasse itanga.

2. Gukurikiza Amategeko—Nta ndwara zo mu mutwe zizongera kubaho

Kugendera ku mabwiriza yo gupakira bishobora kumvikana nk'akazi k'igihe cyose. Ukwezi kumwe umujyi ubuza ifuro, ubundi EU ivugurura amabwiriza yayo yo gufumbira. Ubwiza bwagupakira ibiryo mu buryo burambyeni uko yagenewe kubahiriza aya mategeko kuva mu ntangiriro. Yujuje byuzuye amabwiriza ya EU yerekeye gukoresha iplasitiki imwe, yemejwe na FDA ku bijyanye no guhuza ibiryo mu buryo butaziguye muri Amerika, kandi yujuje amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yo guhuza ifumbire mvaruganda nka ASTM D6400 na EN 13432. Ibyo bivuze ko nta kindi gikorwa cyo gusimbuza ibipfunyika mu gihe itegeko rishya ritangiye gukurikizwa, kandi nta ngaruka zo gucibwa amande kubera gukoresha ibikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa. Ku ba nyiri ubucuruzi buto basanzwe bafite ibyo bakeneye, ayo mahoro yo mu mutima ntagereranywa.

3. Abakiriya babimenyeshejwe—Kandi bazagaruka

Abaguzi bo muri iki gihe ntibarya gusa bafite uburyohe bwabo—barya bafite agaciro kabo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe kwamamaza ibiribwa mu 2023 bwagaragaje ko abantu 65% bafite amahirwe menshi yo gutumiza muri resitora ikoresha uburyohe burambye, kandi 58% bazasaba inshuti n'umuryango ko bazajya batanga ubwo buryo. Ubu bwoko bw'ibiryo bufite isura isanzwe, isa n'iy'ubutaka igaragaza ko "burengera ibidukikije" nta kubivugaho cyane. Twakoranye n'ikigo gishinzwe imigati i Portland cyatangiye gukoresha udusanduku twa biryo mu mafunguro yabo maze cyongeraho akantu gato ku gasanduku: "Iki gikoresho gikozwe mu bijumba by'ibishishwa—gishyiremo ifumbire iyo urangije." Mu mezi atatu, babonye abakiriya basanzwe bavuga ibyo biryo, kandi ibyo banditse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kuri ubu buryo byabonye abantu benshi bakunda kandi basangira kurusha ibyo bakora. Ntabwo ari ukubaho mu buryo burambye gusa; ahubwo ni ukugirana umubano n'abakiriya bita ku bintu bimwe nawe ukora.

4. Birahendutse—Inkuru y'ibihimbano yaburiwe irengero

Igitekerezo gikomeye ku bijyanye no gupfunyika mu buryo burambye ni uko bihenze cyane. Ariko uko icyifuzo cya bagasse cyakomeje kwiyongera, inzira zo gukora zarushijeho kuba nziza—kandi muri iki gihe, ikiguzi cyabyo kigereranywa n’icya pulasitiki gakondo cyangwa ifuro, cyane cyane iyo uguze byinshi. Imijyi myinshi na leta ndetse itanga inkunga cyangwa igabanyirizwa ry’imisoro ku bigo bikoresha gupfunyika bishobora kwangirika. Reka tubisobanure: niba agasanduku ka pulasitiki kagura $0.10 kuri buri gasanduku kandi agasanduku kagagura $0.12, ariko amahitamo ya bagasse agabanya ibirego by’abakiriya (n’ubucuruzi bwatakaye) kandi yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ahabwe inguzanyo ya 5% by’umusoro, imibare itangira gutuma ibintu biramba. Twagize ikibazo nyiri resitora i Miami atubwira ko guhindura bagasse bitazamuye ikiguzi cyo gupfunyika—amaze gusuzuma igabanyirizwa ry’ibiciro mu gace atuyemo. Kuramba ntibigomba gutuma amafaranga agabanuka.

IGICE CYA 4

Ingano si ikintu gishimishije gusa—ni ahazaza ho gutanga ibiryo

AGutanga ibiribwa bikomeje kwiyongera, ibidukikije ntibizaba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi—ni cyo kizaba ari cyo gipimo ngenderwaho. Abakiriya bazabyitega, abashinzwe kugenzura bazabisaba, kandi ubucuruzi buzaba bwinjiyemo hakiri kare buzagira amahirwe yo guhangana n'ibindi.Gupfunyika ibiryo mu buryo burambye igenzura buri gasanduku: ni nziza ku isi, ikomeye bihagije ku buryo ikoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe, yubahiriza amategeko, kandi ikundwa n'abakiriya. Muri MVI ECOPACK, duhora tugerageza kandi tunoza ibicuruzwa byacu bya masashe—byaba ari agasanduku k'isupu kadasohoka cyangwa agasanduku k'ibaga gashobora gushyirwamo burger—kuko tuzi ko ibisubizo byiza birambye ari ibikorana neza n'uko abantu babaho kandi bakarya.

-Iherezo-