Muri iki gihe, ibikorwa birambye n'ikoreshwa ry'umutungo ushobora kongera gukoreshwa byibanzweho cyane bitewe n'uko abantu benshi bahangayikishijwe no kurengera ibidukikije. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye ni umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa n'ibikomoka ku musaruro ushobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Iyi nkuru izasuzuma bimwe mu bicuruzwa bizwi cyane bikozwe mu mitungo ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ikavuga ku byiza byabyo, imbogamizi zabyo n'ibyitezwe mu gihe kizaza. 1. Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'amakarito: Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'amakarito ni ingero zikunze kugaragara z'ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu mitungo ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibi bikoresho bikomoka ku biti, bishobora kuboneka mu buryo burambye binyuze mu gutera no gusarura ibiti mu mashyamba acungwa neza. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura amashyamba, nko kongera gutera amashyamba no gukoresha ibiti byemewe, gukora impapuro n'amakarito bishobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.
Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ibicuruzwa nk'ibi zirimo ibikoresho byo gupakira, amakayi, ibitabo n'ibinyamakuru. Akamaro: UMUTUNGO UVUGURURA: Impapuro zikorwa mu biti kandi zishobora kongera guhingwa kugira ngo zisarurwe mu gihe kizaza, bigatuma ziba umutungo ushobora kongera gukoreshwa. Zibora: Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'impapuro birangirika byoroshye mu bidukikije, bigabanya ingaruka mu myanda. Ingufu Zihagije: Uburyo bwo gukora impapuro n'amakarito bukoresha ingufu nke ugereranyije n'ibindi bikoresho nka pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma.
Ikibazo: Gutema amashyamba: Gukenera cyane ibikoresho by'impapuro n'impapuro bishobora gutera gutema amashyamba no kwangiza aho abayatuye niba bidacunzwe neza. Gucunga imyanda: Nubwo ibikoresho by'impapuro bishobora kwangirika, gutabwa cyangwa kongera gukoreshwa nabi bishobora gutera ibibazo ku bidukikije. Gukoresha amazi: Gutunganya impapuro n'impapuro bisaba amazi menshi, bishobora gutera ikibazo cy'amazi mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Icyizere: Kugira ngo ibi bibazo bikemuke, hashyizweho ingamba zitandukanye nko gukoresha amashyamba mu buryo burambye no gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyakoresha.
Byongeye kandi, hari gukorwa ubundi buryo bw'imyenda nk'ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi cyangwa ibimera bikura vuba nk'imigano kugira ngo bigabanye kwishingikiriza ku bimera by'ibiti mu gikorwa cyo gukora impapuro. Izi ngamba zigamije kunoza uburyo ibicuruzwa by'impapuro n'amababi biramba no guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga. 2. Ibikomoka kuri biofuel: Ibikomoka kuri biofuel ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gikozwe mu bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibi bikomoka ku bintu by'umwimerere nk'ibihingwa by'ubuhinzi, imyanda y'ubuhinzi cyangwa ibihingwa byihariye bitanga ingufu.
Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa biofuel burimo etanoli na biodiesel, bikoreshwa nk'ibicanwa bisimbura cyangwa bigabanye kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli. Akamaro: Ibyuka bisubiramo kandi bikagabanya karuboni: Biofuel ishobora gukorwa mu buryo burambye binyuze mu guhinga ibihingwa, bigatuma biba isoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Nanone zigira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bike ugereranyije na peteroli, bigabanya ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije. Umutekano w'ingufu: Mu gutandukanya ingufu n'ibicanwa bihumanya ikirere, ibihugu bishobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bityo bikongera umutekano w'ingufu.
Amahirwe mu buhinzi: Guhinga ibikomoka kuri biofuel bishobora kubyara amahirwe mashya mu bukungu, cyane cyane ku bahinzi n'abaturage bo mu cyaro bitabira guhinga no gutunganya ibikomoka kuri biofuel. Ikibazo: Irushanwa mu mikoreshereze y'ubutaka: Guhinga ibikomoka kuri biofuel bishobora guhangana n'ibihingwa by'ibiribwa, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibiribwa no kongera igitutu ku butaka bw'ubuhinzi. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Gutunganya ibikomoka kuri biofuel bisaba ingufu zikomoka ku bikomoka kuri peteroli, iyo biva mu bikomoka kuri peteroli, bishobora gutera ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kuramba kwa biofuel biterwa n'amasoko y'ingufu n'isuzuma ry'ubuzima rusange.
Ibikorwa remezo n'ikwirakwizwa ryabyo: Gukoresha ingufu za biofuel mu buryo bukwirakwira bisaba gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo bihagije, nk'ahantu ho kubika no gukwirakwiza, kugira ngo haboneke kandi haboneke uburyo bwo kubigeraho. Icyizere: Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ryibanze ku guteza imbere ingufu za biofuel zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri zishobora gukoresha biomass zitari iz'ibiribwa nk'imyanda y'ubuhinzi cyangwa algae. Izi biofuel zigezweho zishobora kugabanya cyane ipiganwa ku mikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu gihe zikongera uburyo bwo kuzikoresha mu buryo burambye no mu mikorere myiza.
Byongeye kandi, kunoza ibikorwa remezo bihari no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki zishyigikira bishobora kwihutisha ikoreshwa rya lisansi ikomoka kuri peteroli mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu. 3. Bioplastics: Bioplastics ni ubundi buryo burambye bwo gusimbura pulasitiki ikomoka kuri peteroli isanzwe. Izi plastiki zikomoka ku bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nka sitashi, selulose cyangwa amavuta y'imboga. Bioplastics zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byo ku meza bikoreshwa rimwe, ndetse no mu nganda z'imodoka. Akamaro: Ivugururwa n'Igabanuka ry'Ikaruboni: Bioplastics zikorwa mu bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi zifite ikirere gito cya karuboni ugereranyije na pulasitiki isanzwe kuko zifata karuboni mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya.
Kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima no gufumbira ifumbire: Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bioplastics bwagenewe kubora cyangwa gufumbira, bugasenya ku buryo busanzwe kandi bugabanye ubwiyongere bw'imyanda. Kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli: Gukora bioplastics bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli kandi bigafasha mu bukungu burambye kandi buzunguruka. Ikibazo: Gushobora kwaguka gake: Gukora bioplastics ku rwego runini biracyari ingorabahizi bitewe n'ibintu nko kuboneka kw'ibikoresho fatizo, ipiganwa ry'ibiciro, no kwaguka kw'ibikorwa byo gukora.
Ibikorwa remezo byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bya bioplastike akenshi bisaba ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibisanzwe, kandi kutagira ibyo bikorwa remezo bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho. Ibitekerezo bitari byo n'urujijo: Bimwe mu binyabuzima bya bioplastike ntabwo ari ngombwa ko byangirika kandi bishobora gusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora ifumbire mvaruganda. Ibi bishobora gutera urujijo n'ibibazo mu micungire myiza y'imyanda niba bitavuzwe neza. Icyizere: Iterambere rya bioplastike igezweho ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike n'ubushyuhe buhamye ni ubushakashatsi bukomeje.
Byongeye kandi, kunoza ibikorwa remezo byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “recycling resources” no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibirango no gutanga ibyemezo bishobora gufasha gukemura ibibazo bijyanye na “bioplastics”. Ubukangurambaga mu kwigisha no gukangurira abantu ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imyanda. Muri make: Gushakisha ibicuruzwa bivuye mu bikomoka ku bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa byagaragaje ibyiza n'imbogamizi nyinshi.
Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'amabati, ibikomoka kuri peteroli na bioplastic ni bimwe mu ngero z'uburyo ibikorwa birambye birimo gushyirwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Ahazaza heza kuri ibi bicuruzwa mu gihe iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, gushaka amasoko no gushyigikira mu buryo bunoze bikomeje guteza imbere udushya no kongera uburambe bwabyo. Mu kwakira umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa no gushora imari mu bundi buryo burambye, dushobora gutegura inzira y'ejo hazaza heza kandi hakoresha umutungo neza.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 14 Nyakanga-2023
