Ubushyuhe n'ibyatsi bishobora guhingwa mu buryo bw'imborera: Ubuyobozi Bufatika ku ma cafe na resitora

IIyo utanga ibinyobwa, ushobora kuba warumvise ikirego: “Izi mborera zitose vuba cyane.” Ariko ikibazo ni gake cyane kiba ari mborera ubwayo. Akenshi, ni ukudahuza hagati y’ibikoresho by’mborera n’ubushyuhe bw’ikinyobwa. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga mborera bikora mu buryo butandukanye cyane iyo bihuye n’ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje. Gusobanukirwa iryo tandukaniro bigufasha guhitamo mborera ikwiye ku byo utanga. Iyi nyandiko isobanura, ishingiye ku miterere y’ibikoresho n’amakuru aboneka ku isuzuma, uburyo bikunze kugaragara.ibyatsi bishobora gufumbiragukora mu bushyuhe bw'ibinyobwa mu buryo busanzwe.

IBIRIMO

• 1.Ibibera imbere mu gishishwa iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse
• 2.Uduti tw'impapuro - Ni byiza ku binyobwa bikonje byihuse, ntabwo ari ibishyushye
• 3.Uduti twa PLA – Twagenewe ibinyobwa bikonje
• 4.Ingano za PHA - Zirinda ubushyuhe kandi zizewe ku binyobwa bishyushye
• 5.Imitsima y'imigano n'imitsima y'ibimera - Ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku bikoresho karemano
• 6.Imiterere y'ububiko - Ikintu cyirengagijwe
• 7.Impamyabumenyi zemeza koko ko ibintu bihuye n'ukuri
• 8.Inyigisho Ifatika yo Guhitamo

Ibibera imbere mu gishishwa iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse

Imiti gakondo ya pulasitiki ni yoroshye. Ntiyitaye cyane ku bushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje.Ariko ibyatsi bishobora gufumbira biva mu bimera - ibigori, ibisheke, imigano, cyangwa imigozi y'impapuro. Ibi bikoresho karemano byagenewe kwangirika nyuma yo kubikoresha. Ibyo ni byiza ku isi. Ariko kandi bivuze ko bisubiza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe unywa.Iyo icyatsi kibisi gihuye n'ubushyuhe, ibintu bitatu bishobora kubaho:

• Ibikoresho bikurura ubushuhe vuba
• Inyubako irushaho kuba yoroshye
• Ubuso bushobora gutakaza uburyohe cyangwa gukomera

Ibinyobwa bikonje bigabanya ubu burwayi. Ibinyobwa bishyushye birushaho kwihutisha.Niyo mpamvu agati kamwe kadakwira buri gikombe.

Uduti tw'impapuro - Ni byiza ku binyobwa bikonje byihuse, ntabwo ari ibishyushye

Imigozi y'impapuroBikozwe mu giti gifite agahu gakingira ubushuhe. Mu binyobwa bikonje (0–7°C / 32–45°F), muri rusange bimara iminota 15–30 ku muvuduko usanzwe wo kunywa. Uretse ibyo, igice kiri munsi y’amazi gitangira koroha uko amazi yinjira mu mpapuro.Mu binyobwa bishyushye (biri hejuru ya 60°C / 140°F), koroha byihuta cyane. Ubushyuhe bwongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi kandi bugatuma kole ikoreshwa mu kubaka ibyatsi igabanuka. Ku kinyobwa icyo ari cyo cyose gitangwa gishyushye cyangwa giteganijwe ko kinyobwa buhoro buhoro, ibyatsi by'impapuro si amahitamo yizewe.

Uduti twa PLA – Twagenewe ibinyobwa bikonje

PLA(aside polylactic) ni bioplastic ikozwe mu bigori, ibisheke, cyangwa ibindi bimera. Uduti twa PLA turaryoshye, ntitworohera amazi, kandi twumva dusa na pulasitiki isanzwe.Mu binyobwa bikonje - ikawa ikonje, smoothies, umutobe, icyayi cy'ibinure - uduti twa PLA dukora neza cyane. Dukomeza kuba intwari mu gihe cyose cyo kunyobwa, ndetse no mu gihe kirekire cyakozwe ku mazi.Imbogamizi ya PLA isanzwe ni ukwihanganira ubushyuhe bwayo. Ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu kirahuri - aho ibikoresho bitangira koroha - buri hagati ya 55–60°C (130–140°F). Ikawa cyangwa icyayi gishyushye giherutse gutekwa akenshi birenga 70°C (158°F), bigatuma agahu ka PLA gatakaza ubukana mu minota mike. Hari uruvange rwa PLA rukoresha PBAT cyangwa izindi modifier kugira ngo rwongere ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe kugeza kuri 70°C, ariko imikorere iratandukanye bitewe n'uruganda.PLA ni nziza cyane ku binyobwa bikonje. Ku binyobwa bishyushye, PLA isanzwe ntiyemerwa keretse iyo igenwe neza ku bushyuhe buri hejuru.

Ingano za PHA - Zirinda ubushyuhe kandi zizewe ku binyobwa bishyushye

PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) ikorwa binyuze mu guhinga amavuta cyangwa isukari bikomoka ku bimera. Ni ubwoko bushya bwa biopolymer ishobora guhingwa ifite imiterere itandukanye cyane n'iy'ubushyuhe ya PLA.Uduti twa PHA dutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Bitewe n'uburyo twakoreshejwe, dukomeza kuba inyangamugayo ku bushyuhe bw'ibinyobwa buri hejuru ya 70°C (158°F), hamwe n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 100–120°C (212–248°F) mu gihe gito. Mu buryo bufatika, uduti twa PHA dukora neza mu ikawa nshya n'icyayi gishyushye bitabanje koroha.Ibiciro byabyo biri hejuru kandi ntibiboneka cyane ugereranije na PLA. Ku bikorwa bisaba icyatsi kimwe gikonjesha cyangwa gishyushye, PHA ni nziza cyane.

Imitsima y'imigano n'imitsima y'ibimera - Ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku bikoresho karemano

Uduti tw'imiganon'ibindiibyatsi by'ibimerabikorwa hakoreshejwe udukoresho duto cyane cyangwa nta two dukozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike. Ibizamini bya tekiniki bigaragaza ko uduti dukozwe mu migano dufata amazi make cyane ugereranyije n'uduti tw'impapuro dupfutse uko igihe kigenda gihita. Mu igerageza rimwe ryo kugereranya, uduti tw'imigano twafata amazi make ku kigero cya 60% ugereranyije n'impapuro nyuma y'amasaha abiri mu mazi ashyushye cyane ya 80°C, ariko tugakomeza kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo gutose.Utu duti dukora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kuva kuri smoothies ikonje kugeza ku cyayi gishyushye. Ariko, imiterere yatwo iratandukanye bitewe n'uruganda, kandi imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ntabwo ikuze cyane ugereranyije n'impapuro cyangwa PLA. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa mbere yo kubikoresha ku bwinshi.

Imiterere y'ububiko - Ikintu cyirengagijwe

Ibyatsi bifumbira bikozwe kugira ngo bimeneke nyuma yo kujugunywa, ntabwo ari mu gihe cyo kubibika. Ariko kubika nabi bishobora kwangiza imikorere y'ibyatsi mbere yuko bigera ku kinyobwa.Imigozi ya PLA ikenera ububiko bugenzurwa n’ikirere, ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 50% mu gihe cyo kubika. Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushuhe bwinshi bishobora gutuma PLA icika intege cyangwa igatangira kwangirika imburagihe.Imiti y'impapuro igomba kubikwa ahantu humutse kure y'ubushuhe.Ubusanzwe, PHA n'ibyatsi by'imigano birahamye ariko biracyafite akamaro ko kubika ahantu hakonje, humutse kandi hijimye.Inama ifatika: Bika ibyatsi byose bishobora gufumbira ahantu hakonje kandi humutse, kure y'imashini zoza amasahani, ifuru, cyangwa izuba ryinshi. Banza ukoreshe ububiko bwa kera.

Impamyabumenyi zemeza koko ko ibintu bihuye n'ukuri

Si buri gicuruzwa cyanditseho "imborera" cyujuje ubuziranenge.igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu, iri jambo rifite uburemere buciriritse bwemewe n'amategeko.Dukurikije FTC Green Guides, kuvuga ko ibicuruzwa "bishobora gukoreshwa mu ifumbire" hatagaragajwe impamvu z’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa bishobora kuyobya. Leta nyinshi, harimo Washington na Minnesota, ubu zisaba icyemezo cy’uruhande rwa gatatu nk’ikimenyetso cyemewe n’amategeko cy’uko ibicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa mu ifumbire.Ku bijyanye n'ibyatsi bishobora gufumbira ku isoko rya Amerika, ibyemezo bibiri ni byo by'ingenzi cyane:

ÜV Otirishiya OK Ifumbire mvaruganda URUGO

Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko umusaruro wangiritse mu gihe cy’ifumbire y’imborera yo mu rugo - nta bushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umwuka ugenzurwa. Ni cyo gipimo kigoye kubyubahiriza, kuko kubora bigomba kubaho ku bushyuhe buri hasi kandi buhindagurika nk’uko bimeze mu bigega by’imborera byo mu rugo. Ibicuruzwa bifite iki cyemezo bishobora gutabwa mu buryo bwo gufumbira imborera yo mu rugo.

Uburyo bwo guhuza ubucuruzi bwa BPI

BPI (Ikigo cy’Ibicuruzwa Bibora) cyemeza ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa bya ASTM D6400 ku nganda zikora ifumbire mvaruganda. Ibi bikoresho bigumana ubushyuhe bwa 58 ±2°C (hafi 136°F) hamwe n’ubushuhe n’umwuka bigenzurwa. BPI yemeje ibicuruzwa birenga 51.000 bishobora gufumbira kugeza ubu kandi ni cyo cyemezo cyemewe cyane muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru cyo gufumbira.Ibicuruzwa bimwe bifite kimwe muri ibyo byemezo gusa. Ibindi nta na kimwe bigira, nubwo hakoreshejwe amagambo nka "bibora" cyangwa "bishingiye ku bimera." Igice gito - harimo n'ibyatsi byihariye - bigira ibyemezo byombi icyarimwe. Icyemezo cy'ububiri ntikiboneka mu cyiciro cy'ibyatsi bishobora guhingwa, ariko gitanga inyungu ifatika: umusaruro umwe ushobora guhingwa mu gisanduku cyo mu rugo cyangwa mu nganda, bitewe n'ibikorwa remezo by'imyanda byo mu gace utuyemo.Mu gusuzuma ibyatsi bishobora gufumbirwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bucuruzi, gusuzuma ibyo byemezo bitanga amakuru yizewe cyane kuruta gusoma ibyavuzwe ku bipaki gusa.

Inyigisho Ifatika yo Guhitamo

Nta kintu na kimwe cy’ibyatsi bishobora gufumbira kigira umusaruro mwiza mu bushyuhe bwose bw’ibinyobwa. Uburyo bwiza ni uguhuza ibyo bikoresho n’ibiryo byawe by’ukuri.

Ibinyobwa bikonje gusa (ibinyobwa bikonje, ikawa ikonje, umutobe, icyayi cy'ibirayi):Imigozi ya PLA itanga uburinganire bwiza mu mikorere n'ikiguzi.

Ibikubiyemo ibipimo by'ubushyuhe butandukanye (ibinyobwa bikonje n'ibishyushye):Tekereza ku ngano za PHA cyangwa imigozi y'imishishwa ya bamboo. Igiciro cyo hejuru cya mbere gishobora kwemezwa no kwirinda ibirego by'abakiriya.

Ibinyobwa bishyushye gusa (ikawa, icyayi gishyushye):Koresha PHA cyangwa icyatsi gishingiye ku bimera kidashyuha. Ibyatsi by'impapuro ntibikwiriye.

Ibinyobwa bikonje by'igihe gito: Imigozi y'impapuro iracyakora, ariko si igisubizo rusange.

Kubika neza no kwemeza ko ibyatsi bikozwe neza byemeza ko bikora neza uko byateganijwe. Iyo ibyatsi bikozwe mu ifumbire byananiwe gukoreshwa, ikibazo kiba hafi ya cyose "ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu ifumbire ntibikora." Akenshi biba ari ukudahuza kw'ibikoresho, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ububiko.